TDD (Test-Driven Development) applies equally to both client-side and server-side applications, despite initial literature focusing on Java, a primarily server-side language. Initially, client-side testing was undervalued, partly due to influential works like “Clean Architecture” by Uncle Bob, which minimized the importance of UI testing. However, the industry has since evolved, recognizing the importance of client-side testing with tools like QUnit for jQuery, jest/mocha for modern applications, jasmine for Angular, and testing-library for ReactJs. Client-side and server-side applications have distinct roles, with the former focusing on responsiveness and browser APIs, and the latter on storage systems and HTTP requests.